Musculoskeletal System

PBL: Gout

Keywords 43 y/o lady Outpatient department pain, swelling and limitation of movement in her right knee awakened from sleep at night due to severe pain paroxysmal nocturnal Aggravating factor high protein meal – red meat, liver, kidney Extending to her ankle and foot Pic: swelling of right foot In the past weeks frequency and severity…

Inflammatory Arthritis

4 topics: General arthritis def cause types Osteoarthritis ethiopathology morphology gross microscopic clinical/radiological features management Rheumatoid arthritis same as above Septic arthritis ethiopathogenesis investigations treatment General arthritis Arthritis: Inflammation of one of more joints. (a group of conditions involving damage to the joints of the body) There are over 100 different forms of arthritis The…

Joints

OLIS Composition of cartilage http://elearning.imu.edu.my/file.php/4236/StudyGuide/Musculo/Week2/xms2_1.html Joints http://elearning.imu.edu.my/file.php/4236/StudyGuide/Musculo/Week2/xms2_2.html Dr Nilesh’s blog – knee joint http://imuanatomy.blogspot.com/2010/09/knee-joint.html Before you start learning about the joints itself, it is important to learn about the joints articulation/movements so that you will understand better how the different types of joints result in those movements. Extension & Flexion Abduction & Adduction Circumduction all…

Osteomyelitis & Bone Tumours

Osteomyelitis Definition: Inflammation of the bone & marrow Challenging to treat less choice of effective antibiotics less penetrance of antibiotics into the bone infection will lead to disability/morbidity! viruses bacteria parasites fungi 2 types of osteomyelitis Pyogenic osteomyelitis (Acute) Infection reach bone by Hematogenous spread (most common) Extension from contiguous site Direct implantation Microorganisms Staphylococcus…

Fractures

Definition: Complete or incomplete break in the structural continuity of a bone. Type of fractures: 1) Close (simple) Best treated with closed method unless there is indication to use open method once opened there are risks of infection 2) Open (compound) Definition: Fractures communicating outside through a rent in the skin Fracture with lacerated wound…

PBL: Osteoporosis

Keywords: 61 y.o lady visited outpatient department for annual checkup menopause – early 50s 5’ 7” & 52 kg BMI: 17 – underweight reduced bone mass? pain over back and hip joints worsening over months reduction in her height compared to previous health checkup reports no history of smoking sister, 60 y.o suffered hip fracture…

Pathogenesis of bone disorders

Types of bone disorders: Inherited Achondroplasia Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteopetrosis Abnormal mineral homeostasis/mineralization Rickets Osteomalacia Renal osteodystrophy Abnormal matrix Osteoporosis Osteogenesis Imperfecta Reduced bone mass Neoplasia multiple myeloma carcinomatosis Osteoclast dysfunction Osteopetrosis Pagets disease of the bone Caused by renal dysfunction Renal osteodystrophy Circulatory disturbances Osteonecrosis (Avascular necrosis) _____________________________________________________________________ Inherited bone disorders Achondroplasia common form of…

Collagen & Glycoprotein

4 types of tissues in body: Epithelial tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue Connective tissue Connective Tissue Specialized connective tissue blood bone cartilage existing within many joints composed of specialized cells chondrocytes produced large amount of extracellular matrix collagen fibres ground substance (rich in proteoglycans) elastin fibres 3 types of cartilage Elastic cartilage Hyaline cartilage (articular…

Bone Physiology

Structure & Composition of bone Structure specialized connective tissue with minerals within infrastructure organic compounds: osteogenic cells osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts Tissue components of bone Osteoid (major) 30% of total skeleton mass Made up of Organic matrix 90-95% of organic matrix : type 1 collagen fibers Ground substance ECF glycoproteins proteoglycans chondroitin sulfate hyaluronic acid Osteocalcin…

Bones of upper limb, lower limb and vertebrae (Part 2)

Classification of bones Long bones bones of the limbs Short bones carpal tarsal Flat bones Frontal Parietal Occipital Squamous part of temporal Irregular bones Vertebrae hip bones Short long bones metacarpal metatarsal Sesamoid bones Patella Pisiform Pneumatic bones Maxilla Part of frontal air sinus Skeleton Axial skeleton (80) skull vertebral column ribs sternum Appendicular skeleton…