Pancreas

Insulin & oral treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (X)

Incomplete notes. For more info, read up David Chong’s lecture. Insulin types Older types Soluble quick onset short duration NPH, ‘Lente’ & biphasic intermediate onset intermediate duration ‘Ultralente’ slow onset long duration Newer types (recombinant analogues) Lispro Aspart Glulisine slow onset long duration Mimics pulsed secretion (give with meals) Glargine Detemir long duration Mimics basal…

Diabetes Mellitus (X)

Incomplete notes. For more info, read up Prof Hla Yee Yee’s lecture & Dr. Nurjahan. Diabetes: Group of diseases characterised by persistently high levels  of blood glucose resulting from defects of insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is associated with abnormality in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and a variety of complications. Types of…

Hormones of the Endocrine pancreas

Insulin Biosynthesis & Structure 51 amino acids 2 poplypeptide chain linked by 2 disulphide linkages A B Human insulin gene on chromosome 11 2 preproinsulin –> proinsulin –> insulin + C peptide Regulation of insulin secretion Stimulation Increase in blood glucose Increase in amino acids Gastrointestinal hormones GIP CCK gastrin Pharmacological agents sulfonylurea Inhibition hormonal…

Structure of the pancrease

The pancrease is a mixed exocrine & endocrine gland. lies tranversely in the posterior abdominal wall L1-L2 level Retroperitoneal (outside peritoneal cavity) Divided into head neck body tail Important relations Head lies in the C-shaped concavity of the duodenum IVC & bile duct lie behind the head Neck portal vein behind the neck Body aorta,…