Prevention of Breast & Cervical cancers

  • By: Terri
  • Date: May 25, 2010
  • Time to read: 1 min.

Read from Dr. Yadav’s notes, just summarise.

  • Breast cancer is the most common cancer for females in malaysia
    • Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common cancer
  • Incidence of cancer is highest for chinese
  • People who develop breast cancer often have higher endogenous oestrogen & androgen levels
  • Risk facts: BRCA1 & 2, smoking, alcohol, obesity
  • More common in white western woman
  • Rare in Japan & Taiwan

Manchester staging

  • Stage 1
    • confined to breast tissue
  • Stage 2
    • peau d’orange infiltration of the skin
    • axillary nodes palpable (N1)
  • Stage 3
    • peau d’orange
    • tumour fixed to pectoralis major
    • axillary node fixed (N2)
    • Supraclavicular node palpable
  • Stage 4
    • Chest wall fixation
    • Involve opposite breast & axilla
    • distant metastasis

Primary prevention

  • healthy lifestyle

Secondary prevention

  • Screening
  • Breast self examination (BSE)
  • Mammography

Breast self examination – Inspection technique

  • Appropriate exposure
  • check infront of mirror
  • Inspection & compare both breast
    • size
    • skin changes
      • colour
      • induration
    • discharge

Mammography

Indication

  • More than 40 yo
  • high risk of breask cancer

Procedure

  • A selenium coated xray plate directly in contract with the breast is exposed to low voltage and high ampere xray

Advantages

  • can detect early stage of cancer
    • calcification

Disadvantages

  • Painful
  • Not suitable to young age
  • expensive

Primary prevention of cervical cancer

  • Vaccine produced by Merck Co.
    • Prevent 100% cervical cancer
      • CIN 2 & CIN 3
    • Prevent 100% vulvar & vaginal pre-cancers
      • HPV 16 & 18
    • Prevent 95% low grade cervical lesions (CIN 1) & precancers (CIN2, CIN 3)
      • HPV 6, 11,16,18
    • Prevent 99% genital warts
      • HPV 6, 11, 16, 18

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